Questão 01 sobre as Particularidades do Vocabulário da Língua Inglesa: FASEH-MG–2010
Environmental health
Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environment, as well as behaviour related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics.
The environment and health for children and their mothers
The issues
More than three million children under five die each year from environment-related causes and conditions. This makes the environment one of the most critical contributors to the global toll of more than ten million child deaths annually – as well as a very important factor in the health and well-being of their mothers. Polluted indoor and outdoor air, contaminated water, lack of adequate sanitation, toxic hazards, disease vectors, ultraviolet radiation, and degraded ecosystems are all important environmental risk factors for children, and in most cases for their mothers as well. Particularly in developing countries, environmental hazards and pollution are a major contributor to childhood deaths, illnesses and disability from acute respiratory disease, diarrhoeal diseases, physical injuries, poisonings, insect-borne diseases and perinatal infections. Childhood death and illness from causes such as poverty and malnutrition are also associated with unsustainable patterns of development and degraded urban or rural environments.
Major environment-related killers in children under five years of age
• Diarrhoea kills an estimated 1.6 million children each year, caused mainly by unsafe water and poor sanitation.
• Indoor air pollution associated with the still-widespread use of biomass fuels kills nearly one million children annually, mostly as a result of acute respiratory infections. Mothers, in charge of cooking or resting close to the hearth after having given birth, are most at risk of developing chronic respiratory disease.
• Malaria, which may be exacerbated as a result of poor water management and storage, inadequate housing, deforestation and loss of biodiversity, kills an estimated one million children under five annually, mostly in Africa.
• Unintentional physical injuries, which may be related to household or community environmental hazards, kill nearly 300,000 children annually: 60,000 are attributed to drowning; 40,000 to fres; 16,000 to falls; 16,000 to poisonings; 50,000 to road traffic incidents; and over 100,000 are due to other unintentional injuries.
Health-damaging exposure to environmental risks can begin before birth. Lead in air, mercury in food and other chemicals can result in long-term, often irreversible effects, such as infertility, miscarriage, and birth defects. Women’s exposure to pesticides, 32 solvents and persistent organic pollutants may potentially affect the health of the fetus. Additionally, while the overall benefits of breastfeeding are recognized, the health of the newborn may be affected by high levels of contaminants in breast milk. Small children, whose bodies are rapidly developing, are particularly susceptible – and in some instances the health impacts may only emerge later in life.
Furthermore, children as young as five years old sometimes work in hazardous settings. Pregnant women living and working in hazardous environments and poor mothers and their children are at a higher risk, as they are exposed to the most degraded environments, are often unaware of the health implications, and lack access to information on potential solutions. Improving children and mothers’ environmental health by addressing and tackling issues affecting their health presents an essential contribution towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Available at: <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs284/en/index.htm>.
Environmental health has to do with:
A) factors external to a person.
B) physical condition of a person.
C) related behaviourism.
D) the chemistry of nature.
Questão 02. Mark the statement that is NOT TRUE about environmental health.
A) It controls health-affecting environmental factors.
B) It creates health-supportive environments.
C) It supports genetic control over humans.
D) It tries to prevent diseases.
Questão 03. Environment-related problems bring about:
A) a sense of well-being to mothers and children.
B) healthy children to take advantage of the environment.
C) mothers that take care of their children’s health.
D) the death of millions of children each year.
Questão 04 sobre as Particularidades do Vocabulário da Língua Inglesa: Of the children that die in consequence of environment related causes:
A) more than ten million don’t have a mother.
B) over five million could not be saved.
C) over three million are under 5 years of age.
D) under five million are usually very healthy.
Questão 05. Of the children discussed in the text:
A) more than half a million are drowned.
B) nearly two million die in consequence of malaria.
C) not less than a million are involved in road traffic incidents.
D) over one million and a half die of diarrhea.
Questão 06. Environmental risk factors for children include all of the following, EXCEPT
A) adequate sanitation.
B) contaminated water.
C) polluted air.
D) ultraviolet radiation.
Questão 07. Environmental hazards and pollution are contributors for children’s deaths:
A) especially in developing countries.
B) in countries where malaria exists.
C) mainly in the United States.
D) only in African countries.
Questão 08 sobre as Particularidades do Vocabulário da Língua Inglesa: The risk of exposure to health damage:
A) cannot affect breastfeeding.
B) depends on solvents and pollutants.
C) has proved to have irreversible effects.
D) may start before the child is born.
Questão 09. One of the great problems of mothers living in hazardous settings is:
A) that, although they are aware of the implications, they do it anyway.
B) that they like to live and work in that environment.
C) the fact that they are always pregnant and have small children.
D) the lack of access to information on potential solutions.
Questão 10 sobre as Particularidades do Vocabulário da Língua Inglesa: In the sentence ”It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health”, in the first paragraph, the pronoun it refers to:
A) biological factor.
B) chemical factor.
C) environmental health.
D) physical factor.
🔵 >>> Veja também nossas outras listas de exercícios de Inglês.
Gabarito com as respostas da melhor lista de exercícios sobre Particularidades do Vocabulário da Língua Inglesa:
01. A;
02. C;
03. D;
04. C;
05. D;
06. A;
07. A;
08. D;
09. D;
10. C
Doutorando em Genética e Biologia Molecular – UESC-BA
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular – UESC-BA
Pós-Graduado em Metodologia do Ensino de Biologia e Química – FAEL
Licenciado em Ciências Biologias – IFMT/Campus Juína